Jeffrey B. Kahn, Esq. and Windus Fernandez Brinkkord Discusses Brexit, Summer Wedding Tax Woes and the IRS On ESPN Radio – July 22, 2016 Show

Topics Covered:

1. Jonni Bailey with Ruff Haus Design, A business’ loyal marketing company!

2. As Brexit Unfolds…what we need to know.

3. Summer Wedding Tax Woes.

4. Questions from our listeners.

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Windus states: Good afternoon! Yes sometimes we just have to take the money and run! Welcome to Inside Advantage – Your Financial And Tax Radio Show.

This is Licensed Financial Planner, Windus Fernandez Brinkkord, Senior Vice President Of Investments at Trilogy Financial Services.
My co-host Jeffrey B Kahn, board Certified Tax Attorney is out today. But Amy, his associate, will be calling in for our 3rd segment.
You are listening to our weekly radio show where we talk everything about finances and taxes from the ESPN 1700 AM Studio in San Diego, California.

When it comes to knowing tax laws and paying taxes, let’s face it — everyone in the U.S. is either in tax trouble, on their way to tax trouble, or trying to avoid tax trouble!

And whether you are on the rebound or flying high, we have the information you need to make sound financial decisions and map out your strategy for success.
Our show is broadcasted each Friday at 2:00PM Pacific Time and replays are available on demand by logging into the KahnTaxLaw website at www.kahntaxlaw.com or on my team’s website at www.guideyourstory.com.
For today’s show we have coming up:

Segment 2: As Brexit Unfolds…what we need to know.

Also coming up is:

Segment 3: Summer Wedding Tax Woes.

And of course towards the end of our show, we will be answering some of your questions.

Joining me today as a guest co-host and the star of our first segment is Jonni Bailey with Ruff Haus Design, A business’ loyal marketing company!

Chit chat with Jonni, pack leader

Windus states: Well it’s time for a break but stay tuned because we are going to tell you more about what Brexit really means.

You are listening to Licensed Financial Planner, Windus Fernandez Brinkkord and my co-host Jonni Bailey on Inside Advantage on ESPN.

Return from BREAK

Windus states: Welcome back. This is Inside Advantage – Your Financial And Tax Radio Show on ESPN and you are listening to Licensed Financial Planner, Windus Fernandez Brinkkord with my co-host today Jonni Bailey.

Let’s kick off this segment with my special offer: Trilogy Financial Services will provide you with a retirement cash flow analysis which is a $600.00 value for free as long as you mention the Inside Advantage Radio Show when you call to make an appointment. Call my office to make an appointment to meet with me, Windus Fernandez Brinkkord. The number to call is 858-314-5169. That is 858-314-5169. Or visit www.guideyourstory.com.

Brexit: I read a few articles from the Wall St. Journal & Bloomberg to really wrap my head around this topic.

Jonni, so this term is being used quite a bit, but what does it mean to you?

Ultimately, not to beat the dead horse into the ground, Brexit is the United Kingdom leaving the European Union, which was more of a trade connection/agreement to them than anything else. But the EU is bigger than this and it has made a big impact on countries inside of the UK. I know I discussed on another show that the UK is made up of four countries: England, Wales, Ireland, and Scotland. The two countries likely hardest hit with England’s decision are Scotland and Ireland. Now Scotland voted to stay but what happened in Ireland is much more complicated and a little more difficult to navigate! Once upon a time, not long ago, even though it feels like it, Ireland was divided between the Northern Ireland and the Republic. With the largely Protestant Democratic Unionist Party backing leave and the Mainly Catholic Sinn Fein campaigning to remain. Jonni, so foreign to us to see religion tied into politics, right? Although we do see that here with some of our main issues dividing rights regarding abortion and marriage. Do you think religion plays a big role in politics here in the US?

Now, Ireland uses the Euro, not the pound, which I didn’t know and obviously ties it closely to the union even more. AND Ireland is one of the PIIGS (Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece, and Spain) countries that needed a bailout from the EU to get out of the last recession! Now England did contribute to that for Ireland despite not being a direct part of the currency. I know the term “bail-out” is used quite a bit. Here is what it meant for Ireland:

Ireland needed money to help shore up banks after it pumped money into the banks and essentially nationalized the bank system. Then the government got into trouble so the EU pumped into their economy $100 billion Euros. In exchange for this, the country had to agree to austerity. What does/did austerity mean? First austerity means: it is a set of economic policies implemented with the aim of reducing government budget deficits. In Ireland, that meant a huge cut in welfare spending and a rise in the VAT rate, which is a tax levied on most goods and services. Now in Ireland, welfare pertains to three things: social insurance payments, means tested payments, and universal payments. To break that down in the US terms: Social Security, Unemployment payments, Welfare (in the traditional US sense).

Jonni, what is your perspective on a country needing to be Bailed-out, do you agree or disagree with providing that kind of money to a country? Do you think austerity puts pressure on the population? If your company needed money to stay afloat, and you had to take it what austerity could you implement to keep going that wouldn’t impede your ability to be profitable?

Then for Ireland comes the issues of their already very instable economy. And with the austerity, they are just now becoming stable. The critical attraction to Ireland is the amazing corporate tax rate. Now they’ve had the ability to keep this and not assimilate to the rate of the UK because of their ties to the EU. Without membership in the EU, they may have to now increase this tax rate putting Ireland in a difficult position economically, again.

Now to turn to other interesting aspects of the bailout:
WizzAir Holding is cutting seats to and from the UK due to the weaker pound.
Appliance maker Electrolux AB & Groupe Eurotunnel SA both said the weaker pound will hurt earnings.
Concern and uncertainty for how the UK will unwind itself from the EU is creating a cloud over corporate forecasts, shaping how companies make decisions. This alone could cause pressure that could inadvertently trigger a recession in the UK.
Not all news is bad, many companies do stand to make money from this as well. British firms that make their money from outside of the UK are going to benefit from the lower currency!
I’ve even had many friends and clients tell me about how they are buying the pound now, at these rates, in advance for future vacations!

On the investment front, currency can be a huge risk and put pressure on your ability to earn money when you invest or diversify into international investments. You may want to inquire if your investments are “hedging” the currency right now to help reduce some of the issues. You should never remove 100% of investments in any one area, trying to time the market is a huge issue. That is a great time to stop and remind every one of our offer:

Windus states PLUG: Trilogy Financial Services will provide you with a retirement cash flow analysis which is a $600.00 value for free as long as you mention the Inside Advantage Radio Show when you call to make an appointment. Call my office to make an appointment to meet with me, Windus. The number to call is 858-314-5169. That is 858-314-5169. Or visit www.guideyourstory.com.

Windus states: Stay tuned because after the break we are going to tell you about those summer wedding tax woes!

You are listening to Licensed Financial Planner, Windus Fernandez Brinkkord and my co-host Jonni Bailey on Inside Advantage on ESPN.

BREAK

Windus states: Welcome back. This is Inside Advantage – Your Financial And Tax Radio Show on ESPN and you are listening to Licensed Financial Planner, Windus Fernandez Brinkkord and my co-host today Jonni Bailey with Ruff Haus Design.

Calling in today is Amy Spivey, Jeff’s associate at the Law Offices Of Jeffrey B Kahn, P.C. Amy, how are you doing today?

Chit chat with Amy

Windus states: And before we start our next segment, Amy would you please tell our listeners of your offer?

Amy states PLUG: The Law Offices Of Jeffrey B. Kahn, P.C. will provide you with a Tax Resolution Plan which is a $500.00 value for free as long as you mention the Inside Advantage Radio Show when you call to make an appointment. Call our office to make an appointment to meet with Jeffrey Kahn, right here in San Diego or at one of our other offices close to you. The number to call is 866.494.6829. That is 866.494.6829.

How a Summer Wedding Can Affect Your Taxes

Windus states: With all the planning and preparation that goes into a wedding, taxes may not be high on your summer wedding checklist. However, you should be aware of the tax issues that come along with marriage.

Windus asks: Amy what are some basic tips that taxpayers should be aware of?

[Amy responds with the following tips]

• Name change. The names and Social Security numbers on your tax return must match your Social Security Administration records. If you change your name, report it to the SSA. To do that, file Form SS-5, Application for a Social Security Card. You can get the form on SSA.gov, by calling 800-772-1213 or from your local SSA office.

• Change tax withholding. A change in your marital status means you must give your employer a new Form W-4, Employee’s Withholding Allowance Certificate. If you and your spouse both work, your combined incomes may move you into a higher tax bracket or you may be affected by the Additional Medicare Tax. Use the IRS Withholding Calculator tool at IRS.gov to help you complete a new Form W-4.

• Changes in circumstances. If you or your spouse purchased a Health Insurance Marketplace plan and receive advance payments of the premium tax credit in 2016, it is important that you report changes in circumstances, such as changes in your income or family size, to your Health Insurance Marketplace when they happen. You should also notify the Marketplace when you move out of the area covered by your current Marketplace plan. Advance credit payments are paid directly to your insurance company on your behalf to lower the out-of-pocket cost you pay for your health insurance premiums. Reporting changes now will help you get the proper type and amount of financial assistance so you can avoid getting too much or too little in advance, which may affect your refund or balance due when you file your tax return.

• Address change. Let the IRS know if your address changes. To do that, send the IRS Form 8822, Change of Address. You should also notify the U.S. Postal Service. You can ask them online at USPS.com to forward your mail. You may also report the change at your local post office. You should also notify your Health Insurance Marketplace when you move out of the area covered by your current health care plan.

• Tax filing status. If you’re married as of December 31, that’s your marital status for the whole year for tax purposes. You and your spouse can choose to file your federal income tax return either jointly or separately each year. You may want to figure the tax both ways to find out which status results in the lowest tax.
Windus asks: Can you get a Tax Write-Off for your wedding?

Amy replies: Generally you cannot write-off a wedding but there are ways that newlyweds can spend for their weeding that can actually save money when it’s time to pay taxes at the end of the year.

Windus states: Well I am sure that tax write-offs are usually the last thing a bride and groom think about when planning a wedding but what tips so you have on this?

Amy replies: The Attire. Brides often wear their wedding dress only once. And while some opt to keep them for whatever reason, others have no idea how to discard them. For a tax write-off, consider donating the wedding gown to a nonprofit organization like Goodwill, MakingMemories.org or CinderellaProject.net. These organizations will take your dress and issue you a donation receipt for your good efforts. While you’re at it, consider donating the bridesmaids dresses, flower girl dress, ring bearer’s outfit and any nonperishable decorations.

Windus asks: What about the venue?

Amy replies: The Venue. Believe it or not, some wedding venues are tax deductible. Choose a ceremony or reception venue located at a museum, public-owned park or even a historic house or building of some sort. These places are usually owned by nonprofit organizations who use the money they receive for upkeep purposes only. Speak with the head of the venue sight to make sure that it is a nonprofit organization and what portion of the cost you pay is in excess of the deemed value of the rental of the space (only the excess amount could be deductible as a charitable contribution).

Windus asks: Can you think of anything else?

Amy replies: Wedding Favors and Gifts. Charity donations can make thoughtful wedding gifts and favors. They also save you money during tax season. So instead of purchasing a trinket that your guests or attendants may discard later, opt for a donation to your favorite charity on behalf of all those who are a part of your wedding.

Amy continues: Flowers and Foods. You can also get a tax write-off for items that have a short life, such as leftover food and all those floral centerpieces. After the wedding is over, ask a friend or family member to bring the items to a local nursing home, homeless shelter or somewhere similar. You will get a tax deduction for the cost of the remaining food and flowers and you’ll put a few smiles on faces.

Windus states: I would think that writing off anything associated with a wedding would be a red flag with IRS so how should a taxpayer document this?

Amy replies: Documenting. Whether you have your taxes done by a professional accountant or take care of them yourself, it’s important to document each of these wedding tax write-offs. Keep all your receipts for any purchases you make and request a donation sheet (signed by the organization) that states how much you donated, what you donated and when. Save all your contracts for any wedding venues and, if possible, request that the venue organizer provide you with receipts for each of your payments.

Windus states: So it seems that these write-offs are being structured as qualifying expenditures as charitable contributions.

Amy replies: That’s right. Reporting Charitable Contributions. To claim charitable deductions, you must itemize them on Schedule A of Form 1040. The IRS will need any and all receipts and statements that support the fees, expenses and donations that you claim. If your total noncash contributions exceed $500, you must also fill out Form 8283, Noncash Charitable Contributions, and attach it to your tax return. If you donate a single item worth more than $5,000, you must add Form 8283, Section B, and obtain an appraisal.

Windus asks: When could an Engagement Ring be tax deductible?

Amy replies: An engagement ring signifies a commitment between two partners and marks their intention to marry at a later date. Because engagement rings are typically made from precious metals and stones, the price can range from several hundred dollars to several thousand dollars. Whether you may claim an engagement ring as a tax deduction depends on individual circumstances. If you plan to propose and purchase an engagement ring to seal the deal, you may not deduct the cost of the ring from your taxes. An engagement ring is considered a capital gains item rather than a household item, making it ineligible for deduction purposes.

Windus asks: So let’s say the engagement falls apart and now you have this ring. Can you donate it and get a tax write-off?

Amy replies: Donating a Ring. You may donate an engagement ring to a charitable entity if, for instance, your engagement ended without marriage or if you divorced and no longer want to keep the ring. In most cases, the donation represents a charitable contribution that you can deduct from your tax liabilities for the year in which you donate the ring. However, to claim the ring as a tax deduction, the charitable organization must be able to use or sell the ring. Contributions that a charitable entity cannot use are not tax deductible. The amount you can deduct from your tax liability depends partially on the value of the ring. Obtaining a certified appraisal of the ring might help you maximize your tax deduction if the ring has increased in value since purchase. The cost of the appraisal is not included in the charitable contribution deduction; however, you may deduct the cost of the appraisal as a miscellaneous deduction.

Amy continues: It’s Risky Business To Take A Tax Write-Off For Your Wedding but if it is done right it should be respected by the IRS which is why …

Amy states: PLUG: The Law Offices Of Jeffrey B. Kahn, P.C. will provide you with a Tax Resolution Plan which is a $500.00 value for free as long as you mention the Inside Advantage Radio Show when you call to make an appointment. Call our office to make an appointment to meet with Jeffrey Kahn right here in San Diego or at one of our other offices close to you. The number to call is 866.494.6829. That is 866.494.6829.

Windus states: Thanks Amy for calling into the show. Amy says Thanks for having me.

Windus states: Stay tuned as we will be taking some of your questions. You are listening to Licensed Financial Planner, Windus A. Fernandez Brinkkord on Inside Advantage on ESPN.

BREAK

Windus states: Welcome back. This is Inside Advantage – Your Financial And Tax Radio Show on ESPN and you are listening to Licensed Financial Planner, Windus Fernandez Brinkkord and my guest Jonni Bailey with Ruff Haus Design.

Jonni, how have you enjoyed the show so far today? Ready to answer some audience questions?

First, let’s highlight the Trilogy offer one more time today: Trilogy Financial Services will provide you with a retirement cash flow analysis which is a $600.00 value for free as long as you mention the Inside Advantage Radio Show when you call to make an appointment. Call my office to make an appointment to meet with me, Windus. The number to call is 858-314-5169. That is 858-314-5169. Or visit www.guideyourstory.com.

You should also know that the securities and advisory services are offered through National Planning Corporation (NPC) Member FINRA, SIPC, and a Registered Investment Advisor. Trilogy Financial Services and NPC are separate and unrelated Entities.

Windus states: If you would like to post a question for us to answer, you can go to Jeff’s website at www.kahntaxlaw.com and click on “Radio Show”. You can then enter your question and maybe it will be selected for our show.

OK Jonni, Now you get to ask me the questions.

Have a great day everyone!

Jeffrey B. Kahn, Esq. and Windus A. Fernandez Brinkkord Discusses The Financial Markets, Deducting Hobby Losses and Your Taxes On ESPN Radio – July 8, 2016 Show

Topics Covered:

1. Special Guest: David “Stan” Stankaitis, CCIM; President at Trillium Capital Partners, Commercial Mortgage Broker
2. Said the “Stock Market to the Bond Market: La-La-La I Can’t Hear You”
3. Beware Your Hobby Business Could Land You In Tax Court
4. Questions from our listeners:
a. In order to invest more conservatively in the current volatile market and ride out the market slump until the next Bull Run, what type of investments should I be shopping for?
b. If I’m not set to retire for the next 40 years, should I really be concerned with how I’m investing right now if I’ll make it up further down the line?
c. Would investing on a Cost-Basis average eliminate some volatility if I choose to keep investing steadily through a recession?

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Windus states: Good afternoon! Yes sometimes we just have to take the money and run! Welcome to Inside Advantage – Your Financial And Tax Radio Show.

This is Licensed Financial Planner, Windus A. Fernandez Brinkkord, Senior Vice President Of Investments at Trilogy Financial Services.
Windus states: My co-host, Board Certified Tax Attorney, Jeffrey B. Kahn, the principal attorney of the Law Offices Of Jeffrey B. Kahn, P.C. and head of the KahnTaxLaw team, is off today but we still have things covered.

Windus states:

You are listening to our weekly radio show where we talk everything about finances and taxes from the ESPN 1700 AM Studio in San Diego, California.

Windus states:

When it comes to knowing tax laws and paying taxes, let’s face it — everyone in the U.S. is either in tax trouble, on their way to tax trouble, or trying to avoid tax trouble!

Windus states:

And whether you are on the rebound or flying high, we have the information you need to make sound financial decisions and map out your strategy for success.

Windus states:

Our show is broadcasted each Friday at 2:00PM Pacific Time and replays are available on demand by logging into the KahnTaxLaw website at www.kahntaxlaw.com.

Windus states:

For today’s show we have coming up:

Segment 2 material: Said the “Stock Market to the Bond Market: La-La-La I Can’t Hear You”

Windus states:

Also coming up is:
Segment 3 material: Beware Your Hobby Business Could Land You In Tax Court
And of course towards the end of our show, we will be answering some of your questions.

Windus states: It’s time now to introduce you to our special guest this week:

David “Stan” Stankaitis, CCIM; President at Trillium Capital Partners, Commercial Mortgage Broker

1. Tell us a little bit about what you do Stan.
2. What peaked your interest about your line of work, in the first place?
3. What did you do prior to entering the field of Commercial Mortgages?
4. How did working as a Derivatives Trader and Options Market Maker prepare you for your current position?
5. What made you decide to found your own lending company in 2006, and then later form Trillium Capital Partners?
6. How large is your company now?
7. With all of the different types of loan funding of commercial property, do you have a primary focus?
8. Why are you focused on these types of properties?
9. Besides the magnitude, can you tell our listeners what the major differences between private residential and commercial real estate mortgages?
10. What types of loan programs do service?

Windus states: Well it’s time for a break but stay tuned because we are going to tell you what the bond market is telling us.

You are listening to Board Certified Tax Attorney, Jeffrey B. Kahn, and Licensed Financial Planner, Windus A. Fernandez Brinkkord on Inside Advantage on ESPN.

BREAK

Windus states: Welcome back. This is Inside Advantage – Your Financial And Tax Radio Show on ESPN and you are listening to Board Certified Tax Attorney, Jeffrey B. Kahn, and Licensed Financial Planner, Windus A. Fernandez Brinkkord.

And be aware of the special offer that I have for you: Windus states Windus PLUG: Trilogy Financial Services will provide you with a retirement cash flow analysis which is a $600.00 value for free as long as you mention the Inside Advantage Radio Show when you call to make an appointment. Call my office to make an appointment to meet with me, Windus A. Fernandez Brinkkord. The number to call is 858.314.5169. That is 858.314.5169. Or visit www.guideyourstory.com.

Stock Market to Bond Market: ‘La-La-La I Can’t Hear You’
http://on.wsj.com/29sak2d

1. Lehman Brothers fell over in September 2008, equities slumped, then rallied back to their previous levels within a week
a. Brexit isn’t Lehman, but the stock market is behaving similarly
b. (DISCUSS: Similarities and historically what happened at the beginning of the great recession)
2. Since the Brexit vote, Treasury yields have tumbled, and they kept falling even as shares recovered
a. Last Friday, 10-year and 30-year yields set new lows, as did British and Japanese benchmarks
b. Bondholders think central banks will worry about the economic impact of Brexit, keeping rates lower for longer
c. (DISCUSS: Difference between now and when Lehman’s went down, bond yields rebounded with shares)
3. A divergence of bonds and equities isn’t healthy
a. (DISCUSS: Is recent activity showing that stocks are no longer about growth, but about a desperate search for safe alternatives to low-yielding bonds?)
4. We can hope
a. If Fed is scared by Brexit into keeping rates low even as the economy recovers, shareholders win
b. Short run: Brexit keeps central banks at bay until word gets around that the US economy isn’t much affected by UK troubles
c. (DISCUSS: Agree or disagree—we are in a post-Brexit safe zone and the decision for the UK to leave the EU will no longer affect us.)
5. The three big dangers for investors post-Brexit
a. Italy’s wobbly banking system
i. (DISCUSS: Explain situation with Italy pleading with Germany for bail out & possible political woes)
b. With interest rates still negative in Europe and Japan, investors may fret that central banks are running out of ammunition
i. (DISCUSS: Where interest rates are headed and whether or not you believe the Feds would considering dropping rates again so soon)
c. Governments may loosen their purse strings at the advice of the central banks to try and stimulate growth
i. (DISCUSS: Pros and Cons of increasing the US deficit versus a tighter budget. Should the world economy follow suit?)
6. Problem with investors playing it safe with equities that people will always need even in bad times(utilities, consumer staples, healthcare and telecommunications), is that they would all be hit it bond yields rise again
a. (DISCUSS: Higher bond yields caused by faster economic growth are offset by higher profits, meaning profits for the companies investors have shunned. How do you properly balance to be stable for either out-come, Bear Market or Bull Run)?

Windus states: Windus PLUG: Trilogy Financial Services will provide you with a retirement cash flow analysis which is a $600.00 value for free as long as you mention the Inside Advantage Radio Show when you call to make an appointment. Call my office to make an appointment to meet with me, Windus A. Fernandez Brinkkord. The number to call is 858.314.5169. That is 858.314.5169. Or visit www.guideyourstory.com.

Windus states: Stay tuned because if you run a side business or are looking to deduct losses from a hobby beware of the potential pitfalls that could land you in Tax Court.

You are listening to Board Certified Tax Attorney, Jeffrey B. Kahn, and Licensed Financial Planner, Windus A. Fernandez Brinkkord on Inside Advantage on ESPN.

BREAK

Windus states: Welcome back. This is Inside Advantage – Your Financial And Tax Radio Show on ESPN and you are listening to Board Certified Tax Attorney, Jeffrey B. Kahn, and Licensed Financial Planner, Windus A. Fernandez Brinkkord.

Jeff is off for today but we still have his associate attorney, Amy Spivey calling in from Walnut Creek.

Chit chat with Amy

Windus states: And before we start our next segment, Amy would you please tell our listeners of your offer?

Amy states PLUG: The Law Offices Of Jeffrey B. Kahn, P.C. will provide you with a Tax Resolution Plan which is a $500.00 value for free as long as you mention the Inside Advantage Radio Show when you call to make an appointment. Call our office to make an appointment to meet with Jeffrey Kahn, right here in San Diego or at one of our other offices close to you. The number to call is 866.494.6829. That is 866.494.6829.

Beware Your Hobby Business Could Land You In Tax Court

Windus states: Many people successfully develop a hobby into a going concern and actually receive income from it. That income must always be reported and taxes paid on that money regardless of your situation.

Amy states: Now if you leave that hobby as a hobby, under the tax law, you are not allowed to deduct any of the losses incurred by activity in that hobby. That is the reason most people turn their hobbies into a “trade or business” once they start making money.

Windus asks: Do taxpayers and the IRS have differing views as to what constitutes a “trade or business”?

Amy replies: Yes. A taxpayer will argue that the activity is a trade or business and therefore the loss is deductible in full. The IRS will argue that the activity is a hobby so expenses from the activity are generally limited to the income derived resulting in no deductible loss.

Amy continues: Let’s say you have a backyard greenhouse where you grow orchids and travel all over the world to collect new plants to add to your inventory and propagate. While you may think of this as your legitimate side business, the IRS is likely to disagree. If the IRS sees a history of losses from the activity, they may well challenge whether it is truly a “hobby” rather than a trade or business. If successful, such a challenge would preclude you from deducting a net loss from the activity, effectively rendering your orchid-growing-related tax-benefits useless.

Windus asks: When Are Hobby Losses Deductible?

Amy replies: By showing that your pursuit of your “hobby” is an activity engaged in for profit, you may be able to deduct those years where you incurred losses if you meet certain presumptions.

Amy continues: For activities not involving the breeding, training, showing, or racing of horses, the presumption is that your business is an activity engaged in for profit where you show annual net income from an activity for 3 or more of the taxable years in the period of 5 consecutive taxable years which ends with the most recent taxable year. So if for the first three years your activity has incurred losses, you must show net income in years four and five (even if only $1.00 in each year) in order to still be able to deduct the first three years of losses.

Amy continues: For activities involving the breeding, training, showing, or racing of horses, the presumption will work in the same fashion except you must show annual net income from an activity for 2 or more of the taxable years in the period of 7 consecutive taxable years which ends with the most recent taxable year.

Windus asks: Are there any factors out there that taxpayers should know to determine whether an activity is entered into for profit or a hobby?
Amy replies: The regulations under Section 183 (the so-called “hobby loss rules”), provide nine factors, which if answered in the affirmative, are indicative of a business.

Amy to recite each factor.
1. The manner in which the taxpayer carries on the activity. Do they complete accurate books? Were records used to improve performance?
2. The expertise of the taxpayer or his advisers. Did the taxpayer study the activities business practices? Did they consult with experts?
3. The time and effort expended by the taxpayer in carrying on the activity. Do they devote much of their personal time and effort?
4. The expectation that the assets used in the activity may appreciate in value. Is the plan to generate profits through asset appreciation?
5. The success of the taxpayer in carrying on similar or dissimilar activities. Have they converting them from unprofitable to profitable?
6. The taxpayer’s history of income or losses with respect to the activity. Has the taxpayer become profitable in a reasonable amount of time?
7. The amount of occasional profits. Even a single year of profits can be a strong indication that an activity is not a hobby.
8. The financial status of the taxpayer. Does the taxpayer have other income sources that are being offset by the losses of the activity?
9. Does the activity lack elements of personal pleasure or recreation? If the activity has large personal elements it is indicative of a hobby.

Windus asks: Is there any particular factor that stands out over the others?

Amy replies: No one factor is determinative but the more you have in your favor, the better off you are. And because factors 4 through 9 are largely out of your control, you’d better make sure you’ve got the first three buttoned up by running the activity in a businesslike manner. Your business records must be up-to-date and accurate, and your business plan must lay out a course for creating profit from your activity in the future. That written business plan can be a real asset if you end up in Tax Court versus the IRS.

Windus asks: Are there certain activities that attract IRS attention more than others, and by their very nature expose the taxpayer to risk of a hobby loss challenge?

Amy replies: There seem to be two “hobbies” that trigger audits most frequently and those are horses or yachts. Both are money pits, and so if people can figure out a way to make a business out of them, that will provide either tax deductions and/or income to cover the high expenses of each. The IRS knows this, and is very strict when applying the rules to these activities. When structuring these, pay very close attention to business start-up details.

Windus states: Despite the presumptions you discussed, the IRS does not always see your hobby as a viable business, and that is where tax difficulties arise. I suspect that there are a lot of Tax Court cases involving whether an activity was a hobby or business.

As time permits – Amy can discuss any of these cases leaving time for her to recite Jeff’s plug.

1. Fishing: In Busbee v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo 2000-182, this taxpayer decided to hold fishing tournaments. These tournaments required him to promote the activity through flyers, speaking engagements, and other marketing efforts. He had to recruit participants and sponsors. He intended his hobby of fishing tournaments to supplement his retirement income as he developed it into a business. Through the process, he became an expert in bass fishing. The Tax Court considered all of this, and allowed his business.
In Peacock v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo 2002-122, this taxpayer began tournament fishing in his retirement. Sailing everywhere on his personal yacht, he and his wife fished specifically for the pleasure of participating in the tournament, especially when these tournaments were in exotic locales. In this case, the Tax Court decided this was not a business but a hobby for the activity was not “motivated primarily by the pursuit of profit”. What probably hurt their case, even subtly, was the fact that they had just sold a business and were now millionaires.

2. Golfing: In William James Courville v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo 1996-134, an optical engineer, after 30 years of employment, was laid off. He decided to become a professional golfer, but took only 4 golf lessons while a “professional”. He did not qualify for the senior tour, and ended up with no income from this activity. However, he did submit a Schedule C, listing expenses totaling over $16,000. The Tax Court declared that he “failed to establish that his golfing activity was carried on with the actual and honest objective of making a profit”.

3. Track and field coaching: In Parks v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo 2012-105, the taxpayer began his professional career as a writer of freelance articles on the sport of track and field. Over a number of years, he owned a track and field magazine, coached at a number of different locations, studied with one of the foremost experts in the industry, then basically tried to establish himself and his trainees as credible within the field. By 2006, this man had a winning contestant who qualified for the Olympic trials, and by 2009, that contestant signed the taxpayer coach to a lucrative contract as his exclusive coach, and things only got better for the taxpayer. However, in a tax period of 9 years, the coach showed only a $43 profit, so the IRS claimed hobby not business. The Tax Court considered the case in great detail and decided primarily (although not all points) for the taxpayer, saying his income was growing and he had great potential for success. They did not see track and field as a typical hobby, and that did work to the taxpayer’s benefit.

4. Writing: There is an infamous case which always gives people a chuckle, and that is the man who decided to write about prostitution. Vitale v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo 1999-131. Ralph Louis Vitale, Jr., in 1999, claimed on his tax return that he was in the business of writing about prostitution. When this taxpayer began his “research” four years before his retirement, he was still a full-time employee. Over the course of time, he visited a large number of brothels doing his “research” and always paying for services in cash (no records kept). He did keep a journal detailing each of his visits and expenses, and eventually developed a manuscript from his notes. Vitale submitted his manuscript to a vanity publisher, paying $4,375 to publish it. All told, after he received $2,600 in royalties, the publisher went bankrupt. Subsequently, the book rights were returned to him, and he again began marketing his book throughout the industry. The IRS said this was just a hobby and disallowed Vitale’s deductions. So Vitale went to Tax Court. At first, the Tax Court felt that the taxpayer had a profit motive and overruled the IRS, even though the court also made comments about the “recreational” qualities of the contents of his book. The court did like his record-keeping and marketing and felt it showed his professionalism. But then the Tax Court disallowed all of his deductions, for the taxpayer could prove none of them (remember the cash payments?). Nevertheless, the court did not penalize this taxpayer in any way, saying that he had made a reasonable attempt to comply with the law.

Amy states: The U.S. Tax Court weighs “profit motive” most heavily in each of their decisions. Profit is a key decider when considering whether an activity is hobby or business. Is your hobby truly for profit or only for pleasure? That is foremost and basic premise that the Tax Court considers. Which is why ….

Amy states: PLUG: The Law Offices Of Jeffrey B. Kahn, P.C. will provide you with a Tax Resolution Plan which is a $500.00 value for free as long as you mention the Inside Advantage Radio Show when you call to make an appointment. Call my office to make an appointment to meet with me, Jeffrey Kahn, right here in downtown San Diego or at one of my other offices close to you. The number to call is 866.494.6829. That is 866.494.6829.

Windus states: Thanks Amy for calling into the show. Amy says Thanks for having me.

Windus states: Stay tuned as we will be taking some of your questions. You are listening to Board Certified Tax Attorney, Jeffrey B. Kahn, and Licensed Financial Planner, Windus A. Fernandez Brinkkord on Inside Advantage on ESPN.

BREAK

Windus states: Welcome back. This is Inside Advantage – Your Financial And Tax Radio Show on ESPN and you are listening to Board Certified Tax Attorney, Jeffrey B. Kahn, and Licensed Financial Planner, Windus A. Fernandez Brinkkord.

Windus states: And Jeff and I always pleased to make our offers to our listeners where… PLUG: The Law Offices Of Jeffrey B. Kahn, P.C. will provide you with a Tax Resolution Plan which is a $500.00 value for free as long as you mention the Inside Advantage Radio Show when you call to make an appointment. Call Jeff’s office to make an appointment to meet with him right here in San Diego or at one of his other offices close to you. The number to call is 866.494.6829. That is 866.494.6829.

Windus states: Windus PLUG: Trilogy Financial Services will provide you with a retirement cash flow analysis which is a $600.00 value for free as long as you mention the Inside Advantage Radio Show when you call to make an appointment. Call my office to make an appointment to meet with me, Windus A. Fernandez Brinkkord. The number to call is 858.314.5169. That is 858.314.5169. Or visit www.guideyourstory.com.

You should also know that the securities and advisory services are offered through National Planning Corporation (NPC) Member FINRA, SIPC, and a Registered Investment Advisor. Trilogy Financial Services and NPC are separate and unrelated Entities.

Windus states: If you would like to post a question for us to answer, you can go to Jeff’s website at www.kahntaxlaw.com and click on “Radio Show”. You can then enter your question and maybe it will be selected for our show.

Windus states: And in the studio with me today is our special guest, David “Stan” Stankaitis, CCIM; President at Trillium Capital Partners, Commercial Mortgage Broker. And Stan as our special guest, I will let you read what questions our listeners have for us to answer?

Carlos from San Diego asks: In order to invest more conservatively in the current volatile market and ride out the market slump until the next Bull Run, what type of investments should I be shopping for?

Windus answers.

Susan from Carlsbad asks: If I’m not set to retire for the next 40 years, should I really be concerned with how I’m investing right now if I’ll make it up further down the line?

Windus answers.

Sandra from Newport Beach asks: Would investing on a Cost-Basis average eliminate some volatility if I choose to keep investing steadily through a recession?

Windus answers.

Windus states: Well we are reaching the end of our show.

Remember you can send us your questions by visiting the kahntaxlaw website at www.kahntaxlaw.com.

Have a great day everyone!