Deceased Mother’s Undisclosed Foreign Bank Accounts- What to Do?

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Question: My mother just passed away and I inherited $5 million that she kept in offshore bank accounts. The problem is that while she was alive, she did not report the existence of these accounts on the FBAR nor did she report the interest income made on these accounts on her tax returns. What are my reporting obligations, if any? I do not want to get in trouble with the IRS. What should I do?

Answer: It is highly recommended that you come forward and disclose these overseas assets and income to the IRS. The IRS has set up a program called the Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Initiative (OVDI) to allow taxpayers with previously unreported offshore assets and income to come forward and disclose these assets. By voluntarily disclosing these assets, the taxpayer can avoid higher civil penalties that would be imposed if the taxpayer didn’t participate in the program. The taxpayer can also avoid possible criminal prosecution.

The same reporting requirements apply to taxpayers who have inherited previously undisclosed foreign assets. The IRS specifically states that entities such as trusts are eligible to participate in OVDI. (FAQ 13, OVDI 2012).

Not disclosing these inherited assets can lead a taxpayer to suffer the same fate as Henry Seggerman and other members of the Seggerman family. In August 2013, Henry Seggerman pled guilty to charges of tax fraud and evasion for not disclosing over $12 million he and his siblings had inherited from their father who died in 2001. The money was secretly held in Swiss bank accounts. Henry was required to pay $600,000 in restitution and faced up to 11 years in prison. His three siblings had also pled quilty to similar charges and awaited similar fates.

The bright side is that taxpayers who inherit previously undisclosed assets may qualify for a special reduced offshore penalty of 5% if they meet certain conditions. (The standard penalty rate is 27.5%). To qualify for the 5% penalty, the taxpayer must meet all of the following 4 conditions:

(a) he did not open or cause the account to be opened (unless the bank required that a new account be opened, rather than allowing a change in ownership of an existing account, upon the death of the owner of the account); (b) he must have exercised minimal, infrequent contact with the account, for example, to request the account balance, or update accountholder information such as a change in address, contact person, or email address; (c) he must have, except for a withdrawal closing the account and transferring the funds to an account in the United States, not withdrawn more than $1,000 from the account in any year for which the taxpayer was non-compliant; and (d) can establish that all applicable U.S. taxes have been paid on funds deposited to the account (only account earnings have escaped U.S. taxation). (FAQ 52, OVDI 2012).

If you have never reported your foreign investments on your U.S. Tax Returns or you have inherited previously unreported foreign assets, you should seriously consider participating in the IRS’s Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Initiative (OVDI) which allows taxpayers to come forward to avoid criminal prosecution and not have to bear the full amount of penalties normally imposed by IRS. Taxpayers who hire an experienced tax attorney in Offshore Account Voluntary Disclosures should result in avoiding any pitfalls and gaining the maximum benefits conferred by this program.

Description: Let the tax attorneys of the Law Offices Of Jeffrey B. Kahn, P.C. resolve your IRS tax problems, get you in compliance with your FBAR filing obligations, and minimize the chance of any criminal investigation or imposition of civil penalties.

IRS Insists – No More FATCA Implementation Delays

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U.S. tax authorities and foreign governments are on track to conclude dozens of agreements in coming months on the sharing of financial data about citizens giventhe July 1, 2014 deadline nearing for implementation of a sweeping U.S. anti-tax evasion law – the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA).  If a foreign bank or financial institution falls to comply with FATCA, it could be frozen out of U.S. capital markets. Thus, foreign firms have a big incentive to comply with the law in reporting U.S. account holders.

Lately there have been many rumors about another delay for FATCA. . In fact, some foreign financial institutions as well as some governments say they need more time.  The IRS has already delayed implementation twice and is currently set on a July 1st implementation date.  We believe that the IRS will not allow a third extension and here’s why:

  1. Michael Danilack, IRS Deputy Commissioner, recently announced that FATCA’s July 1, 2014implementation date was not going to be postponed again.  Mr. Danilack is the number two person at IRS and he reaffirmed to his listeners that the IRS will be ready for FATCA implementation on July 1st.
  2. Thereafter the top IRS boss, Commissioner John Koskinen, made it crystal clear saying “We’re not going to have any delays.  We expect to issue the final package of rules shortly. We are working diligently to finalize all related guidance to ensure that financial institutions have time to effectively prepare and comply, and there is no consideration for a delay of FATCA implementation.”

With such strong words from the number one and two people in the IRS, it is clear the IRS is fully committed to the July 1st start date.

FATCA is hugely unpopular among foreign banks but Congress passed the law for a reason – many foreign banks were helping Americans evade taxes. While the law may be flawed, we doubt it will be repealed.

With or without FATCA, Americans, dual nationals, expats and green card holders remain obligated to report their offshore accounts. The penalties for failure to report required FBARs (Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts) are tied to the Bank Secrecy Act which has been on the books since 1970. FATCA has no bearing on those penalties or the duty to file FBAR forms.Under current banking law – not FATCA – the penalties are up to the greater of $100,000 or 50% of the highest historical account balance. These are not hypothetical maximums; these are penalties routinely imposed by the IRS which they can charge without court action.

So what does this mean for taxpayers with undisclosed foreign accounts?

It means time is running out and we recommend quick action. With the fiscal challenges face by the U.S. government, the IRS and Justice Department are committedto uncover unreported foreign accounts and missing FBARswhich will be a lot easier once the foreign banks will start handing over data about American account holders.Although the IRS has an amnesty and expat reporting options available, those deals are off the table if the IRS finds your account first.

If you have never reported your foreign investments on your U.S. Tax Returns or even if you have already quietly disclosed, you should seriously consider participating in the IRS’s Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Initiative (OVDI) which allows taxpayers to come forward to avoid criminal prosecution and not have to bear the full amount of penalties normally imposed by IRS.  Taxpayers who hire an experienced tax attorney in Offshore Account Voluntary Disclosures should result in avoiding any pitfalls and gaining the maximum benefits conferred by this program.

Description: Let the tax attorneys of the Law Offices Of Jeffrey B. Kahn, P.C. resolve your IRS tax problems, get you in compliance with your FBAR filing obligations, and minimize the chance of any criminal investigation or imposition of civil penalties.

Americans with Israeli Bank Accounts- Under Heightened Scrutiny in 2014

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Americans with Israeli bank or other financial accounts could face a tough tax season in 2014 if they do not come forward and disclose their assets to the IRS.  Recently, Israeli banks have come under increased scrutiny by the IRS in regards to disclosing the accounts of their American clients.  In particular, three Israeli banks- Bank Hapoalim, Bank Leumi and Mizrahi Tefahot- are under investigation by the Department of Justice.  To avoid prosecution, many other Israeli banks will begin turning over information as early as July 2014.

The prompt release of U.S. accountholder information by Israeli banks is a result of the IRS’s efforts to fully implement the 2010 Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”) which requires foreign banks and financial institutions to report the assets of their American account holders.  FATCA was passed as part of the U.S. government’s effort to crack down on U.S. tax evaders.  Initially, the IRS concentrated its efforts on Swiss Banks.  However, in the past year, the IRS has been expanding its reach to other countries, particularly Israel.

As a result of this crackdown, some Israeli banks have been urging their American account holders to come forward and disclose their assets under the Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Initiative (OVDI).  In December 2013, Bank Leumi, the largest commercial Bank in Israel, sent out a letter to their American clients to come forward under the program.

U.S. taxpayers with account holdings should seriously consider coming forward and disclosing their assets to the IRS.  If you have never reported your foreign investments on your U.S. Tax Returns, the IRS has established the Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Initiative (OVDI) which allows taxpayers to come forward to avoid criminal prosecution and not have to bear the full amount of penalties normally imposed by IRS.

Despite the recent scrutiny by IRS on the Israeli bank, the attorneys with Law Offices Of Jeffrey B. Kahn, P.C. are still qualifying taxpayers with Israeli bank accounts for OVDI. With our expertise in Offshore Account Voluntary Disclosures, taxpayers should result in avoiding any pitfalls and gaining the maximum benefits conferred by this program.

Description: Let the tax attorneys of the Law Offices Of Jeffrey B. Kahn, P.C. resolve your IRS tax problems, get you in compliance with your FBAR filing obligations, and minimize the chance of any criminal investigation or imposition of civil penalties.

“Quiet Disclosure” of Foreign Accounts- Not So Quiet As It Seems

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There are strong indications that going forward, the IRS will be cracking down more stringently on the practice of “quiet disclosures”.  Under a quiet disclosure, a taxpayer through normal IRS filing channels files new or amends past tax returns and FBAR’s to report previously unreported offshore accounts and foreign income in an attempt to avoid potential civil penalties and fines.

The danger in doing this, however, is that if the IRS discovers a quiet disclosure, the taxpayer will be exposed to higher civil penalties than he would have if he voluntarily came forward under the Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Initiative (OVDI).  The taxpayer might even be exposed to criminal prosecution.

The IRS has clearly indicated its disdain for those who make quiet disclosures instead of participating in OVDI and to discourage taxpayers from pursuing this route, the IRS has implemented procedures at the Service Centers to intercept those filings reporting foreign income for further review and investigation by the IRS.  Where a taxpayer has been discovered by IRS in this process, that taxpayer who made the quiet disclosure will not be eligible for the 27.5% offshore penalty.  Instead a larger penalty of 50% would apply.  Also, if appropriate, the IRS may recommend criminal prosecution to the Department of Justice.  The IRS does encourage those who have already quietly disclosed to come forward under the OVDI to avail themselves of the lower penalty rates and avoid potential harsher consequences.

If you have never reported your foreign investments on your U.S. Tax Returns or even if you have already quietly disclosed, you should seriously consider participating in the IRS’s Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Initiative (OVDI) which allows taxpayers to come forward to avoid criminal prosecution and not have to bear the full amount of penalties normally imposed by IRS.  Taxpayers who hire an experienced tax attorney in Offshore Account Voluntary Disclosures should result in avoiding any pitfalls and gaining the maximum benefits conferred by this program.

Description: Let the tax attorneys of the Law Offices Of Jeffrey B. Kahn, P.C. resolve your IRS tax problems, get you in compliance with your FBAR filing obligations, and minimize the chance of any criminal investigation or imposition of civil penalties.

Swiss Banks Rush to Meet U.S. Disclosure Deadline – Urge Their American Account Holders to Come Forward with Disclosure to the IRS

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The Swiss government has been urging about 300 Swiss banks to come forward and disclose their American account holdings to the U.S.   The deadline set by the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”) for the Swiss banks to participate in a voluntary program whereby they disclose assets of their American clients was December 31, 2013.  By disclosing the assets and paying fines, the banks would be avoiding criminal prosecution.

In recent years, the U.S. has been cracking down on American tax evaders and the banks that help them.  In 2009, Swiss banking giant UBS admitted they were aiding tax evaders and paid out $780 million in a settlement with the U.S.  Another bank, Wegelin & Co., folded because of pressures from the DOJ investigation.

In turn, the Swiss banks have been pressuring their U.S. clients to come forward and disclose their assets to the IRS.  In December 2013, Swiss banks sent out letters to their American clients urging them to fess up.  The hope is that if more account holders come forward, the banks will pay less in fines and penalties.

Over 80% of Swiss Banks surveyed had stated that they have implemented the steps to participate in the DOJ Disclosure Program and that they are sending information on U.S accountholders to the DOJ.

If you have never reported your foreign investments on your U.S. Tax Returns, the IRS has established the Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Initiative (OVDI) which allows taxpayers to come forward to avoid criminal prosecution and not have to bear the full amount of penalties normally imposed by IRS.  Taxpayers who hire an experienced tax attorney in Offshore Account Voluntary Disclosures should result in avoiding any pitfalls and gaining the maximum benefits conferred by this program.

Let the tax attorneys of the Law Offices Of Jeffrey B. Kahn, P.C. resolve your IRS tax problems, get you in compliance with your FBAR filing obligations, and minimize the chance of any criminal investigation or imposition of civil penalties.

What to do if you failed to declare your closed foreign bank account that was open within the last six years?

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Even though you may have closed your foreign accounts years ago, the IRS can go back as far as six years to impose penalties and perhaps even criminal prosecution for taxpayers who did not disclose their worldwide income on their U.S. income tax returns nor report their foreign accounts to the U.S. Treasury.

IRS has established programs for taxpayers to voluntarily come forward and disclose unreported foreign income and foreign accounts under what the IRS calls the Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Initiative (OVDI).

On January 9, 2012 the IRS announced the terms of the 2012 OVDI which requires that taxpayers: (1) File 8 years of back tax returns reflecting unreported foreign source income; (2) Calculate interest each year on unpaid tax; (3) Apply a 20% accuracy-related penalty under Code Sec. 6662 or a 25% delinquency penalty under Code Sec. 6651; and (4) Apply up to a 27.5% penalty based upon the highest balance of the account in the past eight years.

In return for entering the offshore voluntary disclosure program, the IRS has agreed not to pursue charges of criminal tax evasion which would have resulted in jail time or a felony on your record; and other fraud and filing penalties including IRC Sec. 6663 fraud penalties (75% of the unpaid tax) and failure to file a TD F 90-22.1, Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts Report, (FBAR) (the greater of $100,000 or 50% of the foreign account balance).

Recent or past closure and liquidation of foreign accounts will not remove your exposure for non-disclosure as the IRS will be securing bank information for the last eight years. Additionally, as a result of the account closure and distribution of funds being reported in normal banking channels, this will elevate your chances of being selected for investigation by the IRS.

For those taxpayers who have submitted delinquent FBAR’s and amended tax returns without applying for amnesty (referred to as a “quiet disclosure”), the IRS has blocked the processing of these returns and flagged these taxpayers for further investigation. You should also expect that the IRS will use such conduct to show willfulness by the taxpayer to justify the maximum punishment.

Taxpayers who hire an experienced tax attorney in Offshore Account Voluntary Disclosures should result in avoiding any pitfalls of non-disclosure or incomplete disclosure.

Disclosing Foreign Bank Accounts Through the OVDI Program

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A taxpayer who has not disclosed foreign bank accounts to the IRS and to cure this delinquency and avoid criminal repercussions applies to the Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Initiative (“OVDI”), generally must pay a miscellaneous Title 26 offshore penalty, in lieu of traditional penalties that would apply to foreign assets or entities outside of OVDI.  The most significant penalty that the offshore penalty replaces is the penalty for failure to file a Form TD F 90-22.1, Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts (“FBAR”).  The civil penalty for willful failure to file an FBAR equals the greater of $100,000 or 50% of the total balance of the foreign account per violation.  Non-willful violations that are not due to reasonable cause incur a penalty of $10,000 per violation.

Generally, the miscellaneous offshore penalty under the OVDI program equals 27.5% of the highest aggregate balance in the foreign assets or entities during the years covered by the OVDI program, but may be reduced in limited cases to 12.5% or 5%.  For example, consider a taxpayer who has the following account balances for the eight-year OVDI disclosure period 2005 through 2012:

Year

Interest Income

Account Balance

2005

$1,000

$1,001,000

2006

$1,000

$1,002,000

2007

$1,000

$1,003,000

2008

$1,000

$1,004,000

2009

$1,000

$1,005,000

2010

$1,000

$1,006,000

2011

$1,000

$1,007,000

2012

$1,000

$1,008,000

 

A taxpayer in the OVDI program will pay any additional tax and a 20% accuracy-related penalty for the unreported interest income each year, plus the offshore penalty equal to 27.5% of the highest account balance during the disclosure period, or $277,200 ($1,008,000 x 27.5%).

By contrast, if the taxpayer does not participate in the OVDI program, the IRS could charge a fraud penalty of 75% instead of the 20% accuracy-related penalty for the unreported interest income each year, plus the offshore penalty equal to 50% of the highest account balance during the disclosure period, or $504,000 ($1,008,000 x 50%) (50% of the highest account balance for each of the past six years).  The IRS could also proceed with criminal prosecution that could include incarceration.

Certain taxpayers may qualify for even greater savings through a reduction of the offshore penalty.  Taxpayers whose highest aggregate foreign account balance is less than $75,000 for each of the years in the OVDI disclosure period may qualify for a reduced 12.5% offshore penalty.

Taxpayers who fall into one of three specific categories may qualify for a reduced 5% offshore penalty.  The first category includes taxpayers who inherited the undisclosed foreign accounts or assets.  Second, taxpayers who are foreign residents and who were unaware that they were U.S. citizens may qualify for a reduced 5% offshore penalty.  Finally, U.S. taxpayers who are foreign residents may also qualify for the reduced penalty in certain circumstances.  The taxpayer in the example above would only pay an offshore penalty of $50,400 ($1,008,000 x 5%). The IRS has been very strict in applying the 5% rate so it would be in your best interest to have the tax attorneys of the Law Office Of Jeffrey B. Kahn, P.C. represent you to avoid any pitfalls and gain the maximum benefits conferred by this program, including a possibility of reduced offshore penalties.

Disclosing Foreign Accounts Through the Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Initiative

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IRS has established programs for taxpayers to voluntarily come forward and disclose unreported foreign income and foreign accounts under what the IRS calls the Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Initiative (OVDI).

On January 9, 2012 the IRS announced the terms of the 2012 OVDI which requires that taxpayers: (1) File 8 years of back tax returns reflecting unreported foreign source income; (2) Calculate interest each year on unpaid tax; (3) Apply a 20% accuracy-related penalty under Code Sec. 6662 or a 25% delinquency penalty under Code Sec. 6651; and (4) Apply up to a 27.5% penalty based upon the highest balance of the account in the past eight years.

In return for entering the offshore voluntary disclosure program, the IRS has agreed not to pursue charges of criminal tax evasion which would have resulted in jail time or a felony on your record; and other fraud and filing penalties including IRC Sec. 6663 fraud penalties (75% of the unpaid tax) and failure to file a TD F 90-22.1, Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts Report, (FBAR) (the greater of $100,000 or 50% of the foreign account balance).

Recent closure and liquidation of foreign accounts will not remove your exposure for non-disclosure as the IRS will be securing bank information for the last eight years. Additionally, as a result of the account closure and distribution of funds being reported in normal banking channels, this will elevate your chances of being selected for investigation by the IRS.

For those taxpayers who have submitted delinquent FBAR’s and amended tax returns without applying for amnesty (referred to as a “quiet disclosure”), the IRS has blocked the processing of these returns and flagged these taxpayers for further investigation. You should also expect that the IRS will use such conduct to show willfulness by the taxpayer to justify the maximum punishment.

Taxpayers who hire an experienced tax attorney in Offshore Account Voluntary Disclosures should result in avoiding any pitfalls of non-disclosure or incomplete disclosure.

IRS Processing Information Reported by Foreign Banks of their U.S. Accountholders

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The Department of Justice started pressuring Swiss Banks including UBS and Credit Suisse to reveal bank account information on their account holders who are U.S. citizens or U.S. residents. Information from the Swiss Banks and other European Banks has now been flowing to IRS and is being used by IRS to uncover taxpayers who have not disclosed foreign income and foreign accounts. The IRS is now aggressively supplementing and corroborating prior leads, as well as developing new leads, involving numerous banks, advisors and promoters from around the world, with a new emphasis in Asia, India, Israel and the Middle East pressuring banks like HSBC and others to reveal U.S. accountholder information.

The IRS has established a Special Unit to disseminate bank information received from foreign banks and compare it to the forms and information reported by U.S. taxpayers on their tax returns. In addition, this Unit is able to review previously filed FBAR’s to determine whether all income was reported on each income tax return. Starting in 2011, taxpayers who have foreign assets are also required to disclose those assets with the filing of their Federal Individual Income Tax Return. This reporting will serve as an additional tool for this Unit.

Following the mandate of the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA), U.S. tax authorities and foreign governments are on track to conclude dozens of agreements known as Intergovernmental Agreement (IGA) in coming months on the sharing of financial data about citizens. FATCA, made law in 2010 as part of a crackdown on tax dodging by wealthy Americans, requires foreign financial institutions to disclose to the IRS more about Americans’ Offshore accounts. Banks and other institutions are affected by the law, which Treasury is implementing through a series of bilateral IGA’s. Completed pacts are in place with Britain, Denmark, Ireland, Mexico and Switzerland. More than 50 other countries are working with Treasury to sign IGA’s by the end of 2013.

The penalties for non-disclosure are stiffer than the civil tax penalties ordinarily imposed for delinquent taxes. The penalties for noncompliance which the government may impose include a fine of not more than $500,000 and imprisonment of not more than five years, for failure to file a report, supply information, and for filing a false or fraudulent report.

Taxpayers who hire an experienced tax attorney in Offshore Account Voluntary Disclosures should result in avoiding any pitfalls of non-disclosure or incomplete disclosure.

IRS Enforcement Action to Combat Offshore Tax Evasion

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In his closing remarks, IRS Commissioner Doug Shulman affirmed that the IRS has significantly increased its resources and focus on offshore tax evasion. Since 2009 IRS gave taxpayers a chance to come in voluntarily and avoid going to jail. With the IRS’ mining of information it has received over the last few years, the IRS has launched its next wave of investigations on banks, bankers, intermediaries and taxpayers. Not only is the IRS looking to collect additional revenue for past misdeeds but to also to fundamentally change the risk calculus of taxpayers who are thinking about hiding their money overseas and deter the next generation of taxpayers from using hidden bank accounts to cheat on their taxes.

The Bank Secrecy Act requires that a Form TD F 90-22.1, Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts (FBAR), be filed if the aggregate balances of such foreign accounts exceed $10,000 at any time during the year. This form is used as part of the IRS’s enforcement initiative against abusive offshore transactions and attempts by U.S. persons to avoid taxes by hiding money offshore.

The penalties for FBAR noncompliance are stiffer than the civil tax penalties ordinarily imposed for delinquent taxes. The penalties for noncompliance which the government may impose include a fine of not more than $500,000 and imprisonment of not more than five years, for failure to file a report, supply information, and for filing a false or fraudulent report.

The U.S. since 2009 has prosecuted about 70 U.S. taxpayers and 30 bankers, lawyers and advisers in a crackdown on offshore tax evasion and officials are still swiftly moving forward with further investigations and prosecutions.

In advance of the expected large wave of enforcement to be commenced by IRS, the IRS had established programs for taxpayers to voluntarily come forward and disclose unreported foreign income and foreign accounts under what the IRS calls the Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Initiative (OVDI).

OVDI allows taxpayers to come forward to avoid criminal prosecution and not have to bear the full amount of penalties normally imposed by IRS.  Taxpayers who hire an experienced tax attorney in Offshore Account Voluntary Disclosures should result in avoiding any pitfalls and gaining the maximum benefits conferred by this program.